Most Alzheimer’s Patients Would Have Been Ineligible for Clinical Trials of Controversial Drug 

Researchers from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) found most patients with Alzheimer’s disease had one or more conditions that would have excluded them from clinical trials for aducanumab. These findings suggest more research is needed before treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease who have advanced age or many chronic conditions with aducanumab. 

In June 2021, the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval for aducanumab to treat patients with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease. The two phase-3 clinical trials of aducanumab on which the drug’s approval was based showed increased risk of certain adverse vascular events. Though the clinical trials excluded participants based on advanced age, certain chronic diseases and use of anti-clotting medications, FDA approval was granted without contraindications or precautions for use of the drug in these patient populations.

In a research letter in JAMA, physician-researchers at BIDMC examined medical claims for Medicare enrollees with a diagnosis of either cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, or Alzheimer’s disease related disorders. The team found that the vast majority of these patients had one or more conditions that would have excluded them from the aducanumab clinical trials, including cardiovascular disease, prior stroke, use of blood thinners, and age over 85 years.

“Our findings are concerning given the broad FDA labelling for aducanumab,” said corresponding author Timothy S. Anderson, MD, MAS, a clinician investigator and assistant professor medicine in the Division of General Medicine at BIDMC. “The public conversation on aducanumab has focused on limited benefit and high costs, it is equally important to consider that the majority of patients with Alzheimer’s disease are likely to face higher risks of adverse events than the patients studied in the trials.”

Analyzing data from more than 27 million Medicare beneficiaries, Anderson and colleagues found that more than 92% of patients with Alzheimer’s disease related dementia, 91% of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and 85% of patients with cognitive impairment met at least one of the aducanumab trial exclusion criterion. More than 77% of patients with Alzheimer’s disease related dementia met multiple exclusion criteria, as did majorities of patients with the other diagnoses.

“Clinical trials of aducanumab studied relatively healthy participants who do not reflect the majority of older adults with dementia in the US,” Anderson said. “As a result, Medicare should consider restricting coverage for aducanumab to patients who meet the trial eligibility criteria, and additional clinical trials of the high-risk groups excluded from the prior trials should be required, including rigorous study of adverse events, prior to broadening coverage.”