PET Imaging Tool Detects Liver Inflammation due to Fatty Liver Disease

A University of California (UC) Davis Health team has developed a PET scan imaging-based tool to detect liver inflammation in patients affected with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the fastest-growing causes of liver cancer around the world. It’s also driving an increase in the need for liver transplantation," said Souvik Sarkar, MD, PhD, associate professor of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and director of fellow research at UC Davis Health. "Currently, there are very limited tools to detect liver inflammation in patients other than invasive liver biopsy. So, establishing new methodologies for early screening for patients could lower their risks for developing new diseases."

In the United States, nearly a third of the population has been diagnosed with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Currently, there are no FDA-approved drugs to treat NASH, but there are several drugs currently being tested in clinical trials. The first line of treatment for fatty liver disease is lifestyle modification, including weight loss, diabetes management, and exercise.

"The liver is a resilient organ that has shown a remarkable ability to heal itself once the underlying reason for disease is removed," said Souvik.

The one-of-a-kind method uses dynamic PET imaging and mathematical modeling to measure the rate of glucose transport from blood to liver tissue.   This correlates with the widely used grades, or levels, of liver inflammation. The groundbreaking technique allows clinicians to quantify liver inflammation.

"It is exciting to see that our methodology can fill the gap in clinical imaging of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease," said Guobao Wang, PhD, associate professor of Radiology. "This collaboration has been extremely fruitful, as our team has been working diligently to develop this technique."

The team is also developing an integrated PET and CT based imaging method for liver fat measurement and fibrosis assessment. The effort could allow a “one-stop-shop” tool for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosis using any commercial PET/CT scanner. This methodology will also be applied as part of multi-organ imaging using the state-of-the-art EXPLORER total-body PET scanner developed by UC Davis researchers.