Splenic infarct and massive splenomegaly in a patient with MCL

Findings

Anterior and posterior whole-body gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy performed 48 hours after intravenous injection of 10 mCi of gallium-67 citrate revealed marked splenomegaly. There was also a decreased uptake of radiotracer anteriorly in the upper part of the spleen and a large wedge-shaped defect posteriorly, which is in-dicative of an infarct. Uptake by MCL involving the right subclavicular, bilateral axillary, and bilateral in-guinal lymph nodes were also noted (Figure 1). Contrast-enhanced transaxial CT of the chest and a transaxial CT image revealed a large bilateral axillary adenopathy (Figure 2). Contrast-enhanced transaxial CT of the ab-domen and a transaxial image showed splenomegaly with hypodense anterior and large wedge-shaped defects posteriorly with hepatomegaly (Figure 3). Contrast-enhanced CT transaxial image of the pelvis shows bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy (Figure 4).

Discussion

Mantle cell lymphoma is a malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of B-cell type.¹ These tumors usually present with lymphoadenopathy and splenomegaly.^2-5 In addition to the involvement of the lymph nodes and spleen, Waldeyer's ring and the gastrointestinal tract are also involved. The disease is more commonly seen in elderly people, and it has a male predominance.

CT is the most common modality for staging lymphoma; however, its role in the evaluation of extranodal involvement is limited.⁶ Gallium67 scintigraphy has been used in monitoring the response to therapy and in the follow-up of patients with MCL; however, gallium scintigraphy has a 50% false-negative rate. Recently, positron emission tomography (PET) using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been shown to be superior to gallium imaging. In addition, it may be more accurate and cost-effective than CT in the detection of extranodal lymphoma.^7,8

Various forms of splenic involvement have been described in MCL, including spontaneous (pathologic) splenic rupture and splenic involvement by the blastic MCL, which mimicks the splenic marginal zone lymphoma.^2-5 In this case, we describe another splenic finding associated with MCL, a splenic infarct on gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy.

CONCLUSION

An aggressive form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, MCL has a poor prognosis. Various forms of splenic involvement are common with this disease. CT and gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy are used in the initial staging and follow-up of patients with MCL. However, FDG-PET appears to be a more sensitive imaging modality in the evaluation of MCL. Splenic infarct with massive splenomegaly associated with MCL is shown on gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy.

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